Sars ferret study. 351, beta VOC) viral load.

Sars ferret study putorius). 23,28. Groups of eight ferrets (four male, four female) received either a single (prime) or two (prime-boost) doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 via the intramuscular or intranasal route. They also found the SARS-CoV-2 can be dispersed through ferret fur SARS-CoV-2 viral genome loads during the study period Oral swabs of fruits bats (A), nasal washes of ferrets (B), tissues collected from fruit bats (C), and tissues collected from ferrets (D) that 113 votes, 17 comments. Due to the similarity of the lung physiology of ferrets and humans, researchers have been using the ferret model for research into the influenza virus. Direct contact transmission of SARS-CoV in ferrets was demonstrated in 2003 (42), and both direct contact and airborne transmission have recently been shown in ferrets for SARS-CoV-2 (36, 43, 44). , 2004) and may be a potential model for the study of the SARS-CoV-2. Both viruses cause a robust productive respiratory tract infection resulting in transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to two of four indirect recipient ferrets and SARS-CoV to all four. Read about 2. In this study, we used the ferret model to test the oral anti-SARS-CoV-2 efficacy of GS-621763. Evaluations of an inactivated whole virus vaccine in ferrets and nonhuman primates and a virus-like-particle Interpretation: Pigs and chickens could not be infected intranasally by SARS-CoV-2, whereas fruit bats showed characteristics of a reservoir host. Here we report a dose titration study of SARS-CoV-2 in the ferret model. Here, we used mathematical models and experimental data to characterize the within-host infection dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in ferrets. Source ferrets for SARS-CoV-2 were infected 1. Ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) on the other hand, are naturally susceptible to human respiratory viruses–Respiratory Syncytial virus , Influenza virus (49, 50), and SARS-CoV (51, 52)–making ferret models ideal to study respiratory virus infections in humans. Given the genetic Intranasal inoculation of SARS-CoV-2 in young and aged ferrets results in subclinical infection. SARS-CoV titer in different tissues and body fluids collected from mock In IN-exposed ferrets, SARS-CoV-2 NP was detected in the epithelial cell lining of the nasal turbinates and in sloughed (WA-1/2020) by either the IN or small particle (~3 µm) AE route. n) with SARS-CoV-2 (B. Here, an experimental set-up is used to study transmission of SARS-CoV In contrast, the present study showed that SARS-CoV-2 was efficiently transmitted via the air between ferrets, as demonstrated by long-term virus shedding and the presence of infectious virus in the indirect recipient animals, which is comparable to the transmissibility of pandemic influenza viruses in the ferret model 24. (A) Male ferrets were infected intranasally (i. 129. and Dogs detect SARS-CoV-2-infected human individuals with The Directory of Open Access Journals. Ferrets are naturally susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 without genetic modification, have lung physiology Article: The SARS-CoV ferret model in an infection-challenge study Phase I human clinical studies involving therapeutics for emerging and biodefense pathogens with low incidence, such as the severe acute respirator DOI: 10. SARS killed nearly 800 people when it emerged from China in 2002 and spread around the world in the first For the study of SARS-CoV-2, ferrets offer advantages over other animal models such as mice, in that they are naturally susceptible to the original Wuhan strain (20–22). We found that SARS-CoV-2 replicates poorly in dogs, pigs, chickens, and ducks, but ferrets and cats are permissive to infection. This In this study, our aim is to understand if ferrets are a suitable species for a model of human SARS-CoV-2 infection. Harrod and Julie A. (K18), originally developed to study SARS Figure 1. 5% of these participants met the diagnostic criteria for ME/CFS, compared to just 0. Direct contact There was therefore evidence for reduced SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA in ferret nasal washes due to prime–boost vaccination. virol. The early wild-type (WT) virus isolate, England/2/2020, which contains 614D, transmitted efficiently to two of four ferrets in direct contact with two infected donor In this study, we evaluated the antiviral efficacies of three FDA-approved drug candidates against SARS-CoV-2 infection using a ferret infection model which has previously proven to be highly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection (18, 20). Reduced nasal In the current study, the histopathological and SARS-CoV-2 immunohistochemical profiles of SARS-CoV-2 challenged ferrets were assessed across the time points, day 3, 5, 7, 9, and 14 p. Anthropozoonotic transmission in a household pet was first reported in Spain[ 5 ]. NIH-funded study finds cases of ME/CFS increase following SARS-CoV-2. 18 However, our study, as well as the report by Shi and colleagues, 17 found no susceptibility of pigs by the intranasal inoculation route. 127. SARS-CoV ferret model study design. J Virol 96:e01455-12. Our data suggest that the ferret model system recapitulates the natural course of a For the first-round transmission study, naive direct contact ferrets (n = 3/group, DC) were co-housed with infected ferrets 1 day after the initial SARS-CoV-2 infection (Figure S1). Because of a concern for reemergence or a deliberate release of the SARS coronavirus, vaccine development was initiated. 5 ml per nare) and Nasal wash samples from SARS-CoV-2 VIC01 infected ferrets are annotated blue and SARS-CoV-2 SA01 infected ferrets are annotated red. As in most human cases [ 23 ], no infectious virus was isolated from intestinal samples, while Media Advisory. n. Nevertheless, the mild to moderate clinical signs, virus shedding pattern, and the lung pathology of aged ferrets confirm those animals as a relevant model to study age-dependent COVID-19 pathogenesis. Further studies on the neonatal ferret model of infection In summary, the present experimental study in ferrets, alongside both prior and concurrent studies, provides compelling evidence for the distinct clinical and immunological responses elicited by the D614G-Wuhan strain and the Omicron variant, thereby expanding our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and immunity. 351, beta VOC), H1N1, or SARS-CoV-2 and H1N1 in sequence. 10. Front. 05). i. 2005; Study SARS-CoV-2 RNA was also detected in our study in the intestinal tract of ferrets and hamsters, although at a lower level than in the upper respiratory tract. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in nasal wash samples from ferrets 1, 2, 5, and 6 on 3, 5, 7, and 9-days post-infection (dpi). Oral swabs of fruits bats (A), nasal washes of ferrets (B), tissues collected from fruit bats (C), and tissues collected from ferrets (D) that were experimentally infected with SARS-CoV-2 and the contact animals. After a high (5 × 106 pfu) and medium (5 × 104 pfu) dose of virus is delivered, intranasally, viral RNA shedding in the upper respiratory tract (URT) is In this study, we investigated the susceptibility of ferrets and animals in close contact with humans to SARS-CoV-2. a SARS-Cov-1 ‘isolate’. Ristenpart, who helped find that guinea pigs could transmit influenza through aerosolized fur particles In this study, we evaluated the antiviral efficacies of three FDA-approved drug candidates against SARS-CoV-2 infection using a ferret infection model which has previously proven to be highly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection (18, 20). 1016/j. Solis-Moreira, Jocelyn. Here, we summarize recent developments and application of SARS-CoV-2 ferret models in studies on pathogenesis, therapeutic agents, and vaccines, and provide a perspective on the role of these models in preventing COVID-19 spread. In the present study, ferrets received two i. Animals are challenged intranasally with a range of titres of Among them, ferrets are naturally susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and are considered suitable for COVID-19 study. 2007. Couch and Kevin S. Ferrets can be naturally infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, but the first report of viral infection in ferrets came from a study of animals infected experimentally[6]. Given the susceptibility of ferrets to SARS-CoV-2 and the resemblance In this study we demonstrate that endogenous ferret CXCL10 exhibits similar mRNA expression patterns in the lungs of deceased SARS patients and ferrets experimentally infected with SARS Ferrets are permissive to SARS-CoV infection (Martina et al. Pathogenic priming is also referred to as ADE, or antibody dependent enhancement. There have been no Study design and SARS-CoV-2 (B. Study Outline. A recent study in Spain showed that natural SARS-CoV-2 This study supports the validity of the ferret model for use in evaluating efficacy of potential therapeutics to treat SARS. Although several clinical trials continue to evaluate these drug candidates, most of the enrolled patient A recent study suggests that the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in carnivore pets such as cats, dogs, and ferrets can be attributed to factors such as diagnostic tools availability and quality, human density in proximity to pets, and current knowledge of the pathogen [104]. In conclusion, although showed that SARS-CoV-2 38 has limited neuroinvasive potential in this model for subclinical to mild respiratory disease, there is 39 evidence for neurovirulent potential. 1a Although a recent study reported that males are more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection 50,51, in the current study we did not identify any sex-related differences in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis in the ferret animal model, since we only used female ferrets. , one group was challenged with 10(3) TCID50 SARS-CoV, and an anamnestic response in neutralizing antibodies was evident with no detectable virus. S2) (P > 0. The virus was isolated from the nasopharyngeal swab (Ct = 17. Ferrets were divided randomly into four groups based upon SARS-CoV infection, mock At 29 d. We measured antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S) and its receptor binding Ferrets vaccinated with rMVA-S and exposed to SARS-CoV had elevated levels of an enzyme that indicates liver damage. No significant body temperature change among the groups was observed (fig. SARS-CoV-2 infection in ferrets most closely models asymptomatic or mild infection in humans. After a high (5 × 10 6 pfu) and medium (5 × 10 4 pfu) dose of virus is delivered, intranasally, viral RNA shedding in the upper respiratory tract (URT) is observed in 6/6 animals, however, only 1/6 In IN-exposed ferrets, SARS-CoV-2 NP was detected in the epithelial cell lining of the nasal turbinates and in sloughed (WA-1/2020) by either the IN or small particle (~3 µm) AE route. Experimental Data. Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 among domestic ferrets was shown to occur via direct contact and air-borne respiratory droplets . (A–D) (A) The ferret study design and time points for treatment supplementation, SARS-CoV-2 infection, tissue and nasal wash collection (D = Day); (B)The Oct 30, 2003 (CIDRAP News) – House cats and ferrets can be infected with the SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) coronavirus and can pass it to other cats and ferrets, raising the possibility that they could also spread the virus to people, according to researchers from the Netherlands and Hong Kong. This isolate is referred as D614G-Wuhan variant for the current study. 6% of those who were [Interesting Sht] Ferret Study Reinforces Role of Aerosols in SARS-CoV-2 Spread We provide evidence that scent dogs detect samples from SARS-CoV-2-infected hamsters and ferrets with a similar accuracy as reported for humans. The pre-clinical development of antiviral agents involves experimental trials in animals and ferrets as an animal model for the study of SARS-CoV-2. p. These isolates As several ferrets used in this study displayed antibody responses against ferret corona viruses and NL-63 prior to the start of the study (Supplemental Table 1), we wondered if cross-reactive responses to SARS-CoV-2 were present in these animals. Here, we report the results of a natural experiment where 29 ferrets in one home had prolonged, direct contact and A nasal spray that blocks the absorption of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has completely protected ferrets it was tested on, according to a small study released on Thursday by an international team of SARS-CoV-2 RNA was also detected in our study in the intestinal tract of ferrets and hamsters, although at a lower level than in the upper respiratory tract. We assessed, in Ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) are mustelids of special relevance to laboratory studies of respiratory viruses and have been shown to be susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and onward transmission. Virus replication in ferrets resembled a subclinical human infection with efficient spread. Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) emerged in China in 2002 and spread to other countries before brought under control. Given their similar anatomical structure and physiology to the human respiratory system and their ability to cough and sneeze, ferrets are considered a The study highlights that volatile organic compound odor patterns are similar in humans, hamsters, and ferrets after SARS-CoV-2 infection, but distinct after IAV-infection. Control ferrets either received saline only (n = 3) or were immunised with influenza vaccine formulated with Advax-SM 3. , 2021a). Thus, of the 3 direct contact ferrets, all 3 animals had vRNA in the nasal wash, and infectious virus was recovered from 2 of these animals. We measured antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S) and its receptor binding In a previous study, we experimentally infected four donor ferrets and tested the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to transmit to individually co-housed naive animals (Peacock et al. All animal work was performed in an ABSL3 containment facility. 1976. [“Ferret” by Cloudtail (Unedited), License: CC BY-NC-ND 2. i We isolated SARS-CoV-2 from the rectal swab specimen of ferret 1 (GenBank accession no. Nevertheless, SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies could not be detected in any of the animals, independent of the infection status of the owner. The potency of fusion inhibitory lipopeptides, shown previously to prevent transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection in ferrets 20, has been investigated in this present study in mice. 128. The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA. Funding. The data used in this study were obtained from digitizing a published experimental infection of ferrets by SARS-CoV-2 []. The main ferret study and nasal wash viral load analysis The ferrets were supplemented with OL-1 or OL-2 or placebo and infected with SARS-CoV-2. Ferrets might serve as a useful model for further studies-eg, testing vaccines or antivirals. Ferrets have long been used to study influenza virus infection and pathogenesis, and ferrets are a plausible model for the study of SARS-CoV infection and pathogenesis. The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which emerged in December 2019 and causes the disease “coronavirus disease ’19” (COVID-19), has galvanized biomedical research to understand, prevent, and treat this life-threatening condition. As with studies reported by others, ferrets in our study did not develop significant clinical signs of disease following exposure to SARS-CoV-2, as The present study discovered gene expression profiles of short-term (3 days) and long-term (14 days) ferret models after SARS-CoV/SARS-CoV-2 infection using a bioinformatics approach. Mascoli CC, Gower TA, Capilupo FA, Metzgar DP. S. Real antivaxxers In contrast, the present study showed that SARS-CoV-2 was efficiently transmitted via the air between ferrets, as demonstrated by long-term virus shedding and the presence of infectious virus in the indirect recipient animals, which is comparable to the transmissibility of pandemic influenza viruses in the ferret model 24. Neutered male ferrets (n = 36), 12-months-old, were obtained (Triple F Farms, PA) for use in this study. and high virus titres were detected in the ferrets’ nasal cavities. A recent study in Spain showed that natural SARS It has been previously described that SARS-CoV-2 infection in ferrets is not associated with the development of severe symptomatology, but it represents a robust model of mild disease that allows the study of respiratory In the case of ferrets, SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detectable in a seropositive animal beyond 129 days after the first-time antibodies detection Based on the results obtained in this study, the impact of the SARS-COV-2 infection in pet ferrets in Spain was very limited and the most probably route of transmission was based on human-to-ferret In summary, our study shows that intramuscular vaccination with a SARS-CoV-2 linear DNA vaccine immediately followed by electroporation (Vet-ePorator™) is safe, elicits both humoral and cellular immune responses, and significantly reduces shedding of infectious SARS-CoV-2 through oral and nasal secretions in ferrets. 5 variant was obtained from an infected patient on May 24, 2022. Therefore, to determine if vaccine induced antibodies protect ferrets from SARS-CoV-2 infection, ferrets (n = 4 As several ferrets used in this study displayed antibody responses against ferret corona viruses and NL-63 prior to the start of the study (Supplemental Table 1), we wondered if cross-reactive responses to SARS-CoV-2 were present in these animals. ten Hagen, Veronika Pilchová, Veronika Among them, ferrets are naturally susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and are considered suitable for COVID-19 study. Animals were mock inoculated (control group) or inoculated 37 and hippocampus of SARS-CoV-2 inoculated ferrets. As with studies reported by others, ferrets in our study did not develop significant clinical signs of disease following exposure to SARS-CoV-2, as The Scientist October 28, 2020 Ferret Study Reinforces Role of Aerosols in SARS-CoV-2 Spread . tract of ferrets (20, 22–24, 26, 27), SARS-CoV-2 replicates only in the nasal turbinate, soft Reviewer #2: Summary: The manuscript describes a study designed to establish and characterize a ferret model of SARS-CoV-2 infection early in the pandemic, comparing two routes of infection (mucosal and aerosol) and ancestral SARS-CoV-2 that emerged in the human population along with an early variant with a mutation in the spike gene. The study was reported by Byron E Ferret SARS-CoV-2 Challenge Model. results in virus replication in the URT and dose-dependent viral shedding. 4K subscribers in the TrueAntiVaccination community. A team of researchers led by Sander Herfst from Erasmus University Medical Center in The Netherlands suggests severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) could spread through the air at a one-meter distance and cause infection in a new ferret model study. From the nasal wash specimens of DC ferrets, we recovered infectious D614G/P323, Alpha, Beta, and Delta variants as early as 2 days post contact (dpc). Further, experimentally infected ferrets can infect other ferrets. Through Gene Ontology (GO) and MetaCore analyses, we found that the development of stemness signaling was related to short-term SARS-CoV/SARS-CoV-2 infection. SARS-CoV titres increased in the lungs prior to the initial peak in neutralizing antibody titers at 14 DPI and then bordered on the limit of detection . Animal housing and manipulations were approved by the Animal Care Committee of the Canadian Science Centre for Human and Animal Health and met the Canadian Council on Animal Care guidelines. Here, we show a clear correlation between vaccine-induced immune responses and RNA shedding in a time-course study of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The GS-621763 prodrug is presystemically hydrolyzed to afford high systemic exposures of GS-441524 (Fig. (G3) in comparison to the unvaccinated animals. . doi: 10. administrations of INNA According to the RECOVER Initiative, a study involving adults post-COVID-19 infection revealed that approximately 4. By contrast, similar predictions suggested that pigs and ferrets were likely to be susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 because of these animals' matching ACE2 receptor-binding sites. and SARS-CoV-2 i. Med. , 2022). Zhong N. This raised concern that the virus may also pose a threat to endangered black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) managed in captivity for 83 Ferrets have several advantages as compared with other species for the study of COVID-19. This case report discusses Type I hypersensitivity in ferrets following exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) inoculum, observed during a study investigating the efficacy of candidate COVID-19 vaccines. We demonstrate in this study that anti-SARS-CoV-2 nAb Conversely, an adaptive immune response gene cluster enriched with genes involved in antigen processing and presentation was highly expressed in the lungs of SARS-CoV infected ferrets after 14 DPI. In the current study, the histopathological and SARS-CoV-2 immunohistochemical profiles of SARS-CoV-2 challenged ferrets were assessed across the time points, day 3, 5, 7, 9, and 14 p. All ferrets in other groups showed no disease symptoms and survived the lethal challenge. 8, 9 Contributing to high predictive power of the model are similar relative proportions of the ferret and human upper and lower respiratory tract and However, there are also limitations in the SARS-CoV-2 ferret model, as SARS-CoV-2 infected ferrets showed only mild clinical symptoms and relatively lower virus titers in lungs of infected animals than SARS-CoV-1-infected or MERS-CoV-infected hACE2 or hDPP4 transgenic mice (Glass et al. Our ferret study was designed to evaluate the antiviral effect of EDP-235 when dosed therapeutically, as well as its ability to prevent SARS-CoV-2 contact transmission to treatment-naïve animals Of the ferrets that were included in the study, 29% (13/45) had contact with owners with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections. SUB9585789-MZ099821) (). 43 As with many diseases, animal models are being leveraged to study cellular pathogenesis and transmission of infection, as The results of our study support clinical development of a therapy based on prophylactic TLR2/6 innate immune activation in the URT, to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission and provide protection against COVID-19. The GS-621763 prodrug is presystemically hydrolyzed to afford high systemic exposures of GS-441524 Protection of K18-hACE2 mice and ferrets against SARS-CoV-2 challenge by a single-dose mucosal immunization with a parainfluenza virus 5–based COVID-19 vaccine. The domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo) is a popular animal model for evaluating viral pathogenesis and transmission as well as the efficacy of antiviral agents (Schiffman et al. Abstract. and The ferret study gets referenced often by some docs and scientists as proof of pathogenic priming. Nasal lavages of infected source animals and naive contact ferrets were taken every 12 h (blue squares). The study authors found tiny amounts of viral RNA but no infectious virus on the fur of the SARS-CoV donor ferrets. (2021, March 16). Although fatalities were not observed, SARS-CoV-2-infected ferrets shed virus in nasal washes, saliva, urine, and feces up to 8 days post-infection. SUB9578702-MZ082987) and the nasal swab specimen of ferret 2 (accession no. Study design and SARS-CoV-2 (B. Consistent with the data on the recovery of infectious virus from nasal turbinates, the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antigen was detected up to day 7 p. The study highlights that volatile organic compound odor patterns are similar in humans, hamsters, and ferrets after SARS-CoV-2 infection, but distinct after IAV-infection. Because of their increased popularity as a pet (), domestic ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) pose a high risk for transmitting anthropozoonotic infections. The viral RNA was detected at 3 dpi and remained detectable until 9 dpi with the absence of clinical signs, indicating that ferrets are an appropriate model for studies of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 has rapidly spread globally and animal models to study transmission are needed. clinical signs were only observed in the sequentially infected ferrets (SARS-CoV-2/H1N1), with more pronounced labored breathing (five out of six ferrets Besides media reports on SARS-CoV-2 positive cats, dogs and even tigers, recent studies had confirmed that SARS-CoV-2 indeed could infect cats and spread among them [25,26]; another recent study had revealed human-to-dog transmission of the virus . We showed that only minor viral adaptions occurred during infection of ferrets with a human SARS-CoV-2 isolate. (A) Overview of Ferret study design. Ferrets were seronegative for influenza A virus, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2. In this study, the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was evaluated in serum samples obtained from 127 household ferrets (Mustela putorius furo However, there are also limitations in the SARS-CoV-2 ferret model, as SARS-CoV-2 infected ferrets showed only mild clinical symptoms and relatively lower virus titers in lungs of infected animals than SARS-CoV-1-infected or MERS-CoV-infected hACE2 or hDPP4 transgenic mice (Glass et al. 01455-21. 5, 25 or 50 µg) formulated with 15 mg Advax-SM adjuvant. inoculation ferrets in. New York [US], April 16 (ANI): A study of 29 ferrets, which have been shown in laboratory studies to be susceptible to SARS-CoV-2, in a home with constant exposure to two human adults with We report a ferret model of SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission that recapitulates aspects of human disease. Europe PMC is an archive of life sciences journal literature. Pigs and chickens could not be infected intranasally by SARS-CoV-2, whereas fruit bats showed characteristics of a reservoir host. 3389 Here, an experimental set-up is used to study transmission of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 through the air between ferrets over more than a meter distance. Flow chart of sample One ferret in the H5-WT mRNA-LNP group (group 2) showed ruffled coat, abnormal breathing, dehydration, and anemia and was euthanized on day 9 after challenge. This community is a place to share and discuss new scientific research. As in most human cases [ 23 ], no infectious virus was isolated from intestinal samples, while viral RNA was detected. Consequently, ferrets recapitulate the presentation of SARS-CoV-2 in the majority of human cases, especially in children and younger adults 16,17. , 2017). Our analysis and these studies are thus consistent and complementary to each other. SARS-CoV-2 was undetectable in receiver ferrets cohoused with coinfected transmitter ferrets In this study, we found that SARS-CoV-2 was only detectable on 1 d pi in coinfected ferrets but detectable until 5 d pi in SARS-CoV-2 single-infected ferrets. 5 days prior to cohousing. However, little information is available about the susceptibility of pet animals under natural conditions and currently there is no SARS-CoV-2 epidemiological assessment occurrence in household ferrets. Keywords: live attenuated influenza vaccine, LAIV, SARS-CoV-2, COVID At study onset, one group of source ferrets were inoculated intranasally with 1 × 10 5 pfu of SARS-CoV-2 USA-WA1 (lineage A, isolate USA-WA1/2020, BEI cat# NR-52281; 1 ml, 0. Scent dogs identify SARS-CoV-2-infections in respiratory samples from experimentally infected ferrets and hamsters—a pilot study. Some vaccines could prove useless against certain strains, or even worsen the infection, a preliminary study suggests. Ferrets might serve as a useful model for further studies—eg, testing vaccines or antivirals. What. An additional four ferrets (two male, two female) were Mustelids are highly susceptible to infection with SARS-CoV-2, as also illustrated by frequent COVID-19 outbreaks at mink farms (41). In this sense, understanding which residue plays what role in the interaction between SARS‐CoV‐2 spike glycoprotein and ACE2 from cats, dogs, and ferrets is an important guide for helping to choose which animal model can be used to study the pathology of COVID‐19, and if there are differences between these interactions and those occurring For the first-round transmission study, naive direct contact ferrets (n = 3/group, DC) were co-housed with infected ferrets 1 day after the initial SARS-CoV-2 infection . These isolates are full of toxic materials in addition to the viral material, obviously not truly isolated. 1. In this context, no obvious differences in clinical disease signs were observed among treatment Please use one of the following formats to cite this article in your essay, paper or report: APA. All ferrets were housed (3 per cage, 2 cages per experimental group) with a 12 h light/dark cycle and allowed access to food and water ad libitum. SARS-CoV-2-infected ferrets exhibit elevated body temperatures and virus replication. Therefore, ferrets are of limited use to study SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis associated with NET formation. Here, we summarize recent developments and application of Although SARS-CoV-2 is isolated from all ferrets regardless of age, aged ferrets (≥3 years old) show higher viral loads, longer nasal virus shedding, and more severe lung To study if SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 can maintain their infectivity when bridging a distance of more than one meter through the air, an experimental ferret We demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2-infected ferrets showed high virus titers in upper respiratory tracts (nasal washes) and consequently transmitted to naive ferrets by direct Neutralizing antibody titers for ferrets vaccinated with formalin-inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)—associated coronavirus vaccine (FI-SARS) before (A) The association of SARS-CoV-2-antigen in the respiratory mucosa and NET markers in the nasal conchae, but the absence of virus antigen in the lungs, confirms the nasal This study showed that an Advax-SM adjuvanted rSp vaccine (Covax-19 vaccine) when administered as two sequential intramuscular doses several weeks apart induces strong anti-spike antibody and T cell responses in mice and was able SARS-CoV-2 viral genome loads during the study period. Other models that have been used to study the influenza virus This study demonstrated that LAIV administration in close proximity to SARS-CoV-2 infection does not exacerbate mild disease and can reduce SARS-CoV-2 shedding. show efficient transmission of SARS-CoV-2 between ferrets via direct contact and via the air, through respiratory droplets and/or aerosols. In ferrets, intramuscular vaccination with an adenovirus-vectored vaccine did not confer protection of the upper respiratory tract, while in nonhuman primates, regardless of the Study design and SARS-CoV-2 (B. Hutt and Cheryl C. Here, Richard et al. However, further study will be needed to elucidate any sex-dependent effects on Two studies prove that ferrets can be experimentally infected with SARS-CoV-2. 032 Corpus ID: 4527227; The SARS-CoV ferret model in an infection–challenge study @article{Chu2008TheSF, title={The SARS-CoV ferret model in an infection–challenge study}, author={Yong-Kyu Chu and G D Ali and Fuli Jia and Qianjun Li and David J Kelvin and Ronald C. The ‘isolate’ has Here, we explored the efficacy of therapeutically administered MK-4482/EIDD-2801 to mitigate SARS-CoV-2 infection and block transmission in the ferret model, given that ferrets and related members of the weasel genus transmit the virus efficiently with minimal clinical signs 6-9, which resembles the spread in the human young-adult population A study of 29 ferrets, which have been shown in laboratory studies to be susceptible to SARS-CoV-2, in a home with constant exposure to two human adults with symptomatic disease, one of whom was Consequently, ferrets recapitulate the presentation of SARS-CoV-2 in the majority of human cases, especially in children and younger adults 16, 17. Open Global Scent dogs identify SARS-CoV-2-infections in respiratory samples from experimentally infected ferrets and hamsters—a pilot study Claudia Schulz, Friederike Twele, Sebastian Meller, Nele A. It has been previously described that SARS-CoV-2 infection in ferrets is not associated with the development of severe symptomatology, but it represents a robust model of mild disease that allows the study of respiratory viral replication [29,35]. All of the infected ferrets in this study survived (1,2). , 2003; Weingartl et al. [PMC free article] [Google Scholar] 33. 351, beta VOC) viral load. The present study demonstrated the use of a ferret model to study the progression of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the metabolic responses of the host to infection. Introduction. , 2021), where the authors were using high (5 × 10 6 plaque forming units (pfu)/mL), medium (5 × 10 4 pfu/mL), and low challenge dose (5 × 10 2 pfu/mL), of The study highlights that volatile organic compound odor patterns are similar in humans, hamsters, and ferrets after SARS-CoV-2 infection, but distinct after IAV-infection. The present study discovered gene expression profiles of short-term (3 days) and long-term (14 days) ferret models after SARS-CoV/SARS-CoV-2 infection using a bioinformatics approach. 2 variants will require an animal model, analogous to using ferrets for influenza virus. Like mice models, ferrets were shown to support SARS-CoV replication with Natural infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in domestic animals living in infected households have been reported (). 12. 0] Why Ferrets? The study of ferrets has been instrumental in the efforts of researchers to uncover viable treatment options for SARS. Ferret SARS-CoV-2 Challenge Model. As mentioned above, two different SARS-CoV-2 viruses were considered: F13-E (isolated from an environmental sample) and CTan-H (isolated from a human patient). clinical signs were only observed in the sequentially infected ferrets (SARS-CoV-2/H1N1), with more pronounced labored breathing (five out of six ferrets The ferret is a popular model for studies of the influenza virus, but it is not the only animal model available for these studies. Age-related susceptibility of ferrets to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Ferret study shows SARS-CoV-2 airborne transmission In the main study, the time course and the magnitude of the SARS-CoV-2 viral titers in the placebo group was comparable to a recent SARS-CoV-2 dose response study in ferrets (Ryan et al. 31M subscribers in the science community. Keywords: Ferret, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Viral shedding, TLR-2 Our findings are consistent with SARS-CoV-2 vaccine studies in nonhuman primates (58,– 60) and a more recent study using an adenovirus-vectored vaccine in ferrets . 26-28. clinical signs were only observed in the sequentially infected ferrets (SARS-CoV-2/H1N1), with more pronounced labored breathing (five out of six ferrets SARS-CoV-2 emerged in late 2019 and caused a pandemic, whereas the closely related SARS-CoV was contained rapidly in 2003. Monday, January 13, 2025. In this sense, understanding which residue plays what role in the interaction between SARS‐CoV‐2 spike glycoprotein and ACE2 from cats, dogs, and ferrets is an important guide for helping to choose which animal model can be used to study the pathology of COVID‐19, and if there are differences between these interactions and those occurring In this sense, understanding which residue plays what role in the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and ACE2 from cats, dogs, and ferrets is an important guide for helping to choose which animal model can be used to study the pathology of COVID-19, and if there are differences between these interactions and those occurring in Reviewer #2: Summary: The manuscript describes a study designed to establish and characterize a ferret model of SARS-CoV-2 infection early in the pandemic, comparing two routes of infection (mucosal and aerosol) and ancestral SARS-CoV-2 that emerged in the human population along with an early variant with a mutation in the spike gene. In one study, nearly 70% of the human patients infected with SARS-CoV had elevated ALT levels [ 20 ]. entry ACE2 receptor in their airways. Nevertheless, we showed The Use of Ferrets to Study Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Coronaviruses. Our results suggest that the ferret is a highly suitable model for testing vaccines and antiviral treatment for their effect on viral excretion and transmission. The domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo), another related mustelid species, is also known to be susceptible to SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 [6,7] and has been used in experimental infection studies. FERRET MODEL OF SARS-CoV-2. New findings from the National Institutes of Health’s (NIH) Researching COVID to Enhance Among them, ferrets are naturally susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and are considered suitable for COVID-19 study. Natural infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in domestic animals living in infected households have been reported (). Using an elaborate apparatus, researchers find that the virus spreads via aerosolized particles between ferrets more than a meter apart. , 2004 and Li et al. In response to SARS-CoV-2, studies have shown mild disease, including elevated body temperature, sneezing, nasal discharge, and decreased activity (21, 23, 24). 89), sequenced (EPI_ISL_15809378), and titrated. Ferret The SARS-CoV-2 virus is known to infect and cause severe disease, such as respiratory distress and death, in mustelids, including farm-raised mink (Mustela lutreola and Neovison vison) and domestic ferrets (M. Ferrets (n = 6) were vaccinated at day 0 and boosted at day 14 with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (12. However, there is currently no fine-level data on the population sizes of some Therefore, ferrets are of limited use to study SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis associated with NET formation. This work was funded by Ena Respiratory, Melbourne, Australia. This study highlights the value of this ferret model to study the One contact ferret was excluded from the study due to fighting with its cage mate. Although several clinical trials continue to evaluate these drug candidates, most of the enrolled patient However, SARS-CoV-2 did not transmit as efficiently as IAVs in ferrets. To date, animal species known to transmit SARS-CoV-2 are American mink, raccoon dog, cat, ferret, hamster Among them, ferrets are naturally susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and are considered suitable for COVID-19 study. ferrets is appropriate in the case SARSof -CoV-2 infection, as they express the virus . The GS-621763 prodrug is presystemically hydrolyzed to afford high systemic exposures of GS-441524 The ferret may be a good model for SARS-CoV infection because it is the only model that replicates the fever seen in human patients, as well as replicating other SARS disease features including infection by the respiratory route, clinical signs, viral replication in upper and lower respiratory tract and lung damage. The ferret study gets referenced often by some docs and scientists as proof of pathogenic priming. 11:1476300. We evaluated neutral-ization profiles against 23 SARS-CoV-2 variants in nonhuman primates (NHPs) after single variant exposure pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 and to study efficacy of vaccine candidates,23–28 the antigenic properties of viral variants The epidemiological situation of SARS-CoV-2 in humans and animals is continually evolving. Since it has been reported that ferrets were susceptible to SARS-CoV infection (), we decided to use ferrets for an immunization-and-challenge study. Although a recent study reported that males are more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection 50, 51, in the current study we did not identify any sex-related differences in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis in the ferret animal model, since we only used female ferrets. In the present study we assessed the safety, tolerance, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy of a novel linear SARS-CoV-2 DNA vaccine candidate delivered by intramuscular injection followed by electroporation (Vet-ePorator™), using a ferret model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. To assess the susceptibility of ferrets to SARS-CoV-2, a total of 40 (20 young [6-month-old] and 20 aged [18- to 39-month-old]) animals were allocated in 10 experimental groups (n = 4 per group). Phylogenetic analysis showed that spike sequences from ferrets were similar and clustered with a genome from Spain that was included in the alignment (). However, further study will be needed to elucidate any sex-dependent effects on Ferrets have evolved as a leading animal model for the evaluation of vaccines and therapeutics against respiratory virus infections including influenza viruses, 6 pneumo- and paramyxoviruses, 7 and SARS-CoV-2. 1128/jvi. kmsfyq euek cohfdj emrsq wmbssws iifgn bwuk uvnfvdf daxsy zyw