Fdi tooth numbering system pdf Two common numbering systems are described for each - the Universal system and FDI system for primary and permanent teeth. In Palmar notation the teeth no 3 refers to. sa www. The Universal system numbers teeth 1-32 starting from the maxillary right third molar. In this system, the first number represents a tooth's quadrant and the second number represents the number of the tooth from the midline of the face. For permanent teeth, the upper right teeth begin with the number, "1". The Journal of the Dental Faculty of Ankara University. Background: Universal system, Palmer notation and FDI system are used to record dental problems which give different numbers to same tooth. Primary upper right central incisor C. 1 to 8 and 1 to 5 as the second digit indicates Oct 8, 2023 · Teeth numbering system FDI Palmer notation system Universal ABSTRACT This manuscript introduces a new method for teeth numbering system. In this system the first digit indicates the quadrant and the second digit indicates the tooth within the quadrant. 17 i6 15 14 13 12 Jul 27, 2015 · There are different tooth notation systems, each with their own set of symbols. There are several tooth numbering systems used by dentists, with the three main ones being the Universal Notation System, Zsigmondy/Palmer Notation System, and Federation Dentaire Internationale (FDI) system. The lower left teeth begin with The FDI tooth numbering system is widely accepted and utilised worldwide, except in the US, where the American Dental Association (ADA) system (1-32, A-T) is predominantly used. TOOTH IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM DR. May 21, 2021 · The tooth numbering module classifies and numbering dental objects detected as a result of segmentation according to the FDI notation used universally by dentists. ISO System or FDI system . The upper left teeth begin with the number, "2". The FDI system allocates a two-digit number to each tooth combining a quadrant code with a tooth code. There are several tooth numbering systems used around the world. The FDI World Dental Federation system is used internationally and provides a standardized approach to dental numbering. The three main tooth numbering systems - Universal, FDI, and Zsigmondy/Palmer - are described. e. The primary rationale of lunching this system was to solve previous numbering systems’ drawbacks. Page 2: FDI numbering system for permanent teeth quiz. It was created by member CCTC Dental and has 32 questions. C. In this article, the most p … Fdi System Of Tooth Numbering Ying-Ying Zheng Fdi System Of Tooth Numbering : Universal Numbering System - Wikipedia The Universal Numbering System, sometimes called the "American System", is a dental notation system commonly used in the United States. com ORIGINAL ARTICLE Tooth Numbering System in Saudi Arabia: Survey Sulieman S. Dental notation for primary teeth: a review and suggestion of a novel system Keywords Dental notation; FDI system; Universal Numbering System; Zsigmondy-Palmer system. Click on the Preview to see these products in more detail. Outcome of the questionnaire. O. The International Standards Organization (ISO) announced this notation system, and it is also known as the ISO 3950. The first digit of the code is located at the left side of the number and indicates the quadrant: In permanent dentition In deciduous dentition Jan 2, 2024 · The FDI World Dental Federation Numbering System. Tooth Numbering System in Saudi Arabia: Survey Sulieman Al-Johany This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. txt) or view presentation slides online. 1 / This document provides an overview of tooth numbering systems and anatomical landmarks. edu. Canine D. In FDI system 11 refers to. 1. Mar 2, 2022 · Yurdukoru B. Each tooth is given two numbers to represent its location. Among the popular systems are: Zsigmondy-Palmer system, Universal Numbering System, FDI system. Google Scholar; 17 ; O'Connor J. Dec 18, 2023 · View Basic Tooth Numbering lab 4. It is very simple, accurate, it is Tooth Numbering System System used by dentists to associate information to a specific tooth. 1 / 32 The FDI system uses a two-digit numbering system in which the first number represents a tooth's quadrant and the second number represents the number of the tooth from the midline of the face. International numbering system The Federation Dentaire Internationale (FDI) system is a two-digit system, the first digit indicates the quadrant (1 through 4 for permanent and 5 through 8 for deciduous teeth) and the second digit indicates the tooth type (1 through 8 or 1 through 5). Palmer notation method 2. Page 5: Thank you Note and Related dental worksheets. The lower left teeth begin with Sep 23, 2024 · View Week 2_Tooth Identification(2). There are several systems in world, 3 main systems are : Universal Notation System. compared to a new alphanumeric system for primary teeth which is considered simple and convenient. Desiderata There are a few other items of note that developed contemporaneous with Zsigmondy and Palmer May 12, 2019 · FDI tooth numbering system Teeth numbering chart for adult teeth: upper right: upper left: lower right: lower left: Orientation of the FDI two-digit tooth numbering chart is traditionally "dentist's view", i. Numbering continues along your upper teeth toward the front and across to the tooth farthest back on the top left side number 16. Lab. FDI World Dental Federation Two-Digit Notation . 🦷- The Plamer system, The FDI system, and The Universal system. • The ADA in 1968 officially recommended the “universal” numbering system. Jun 1, 2015 · In this experiment, we evaluated currently in use tooth notation systems and introduced three tooth numbering systems named based on the place of origin as the Herat Dentistry Faculty 1, Herat Figure 16: Bosworth Numbering System of Deciduous Teeth 9. Maxillary Right Central Incisor. 1 / 52. Tooth number 1 is the tooth farthest back on the right side of your mouth in the upper (max- The Saudi Dental Journal (2016) 28, 183–188 King Saud University The Saudi Dental Journal www. Nima Massoomi, manages a wide variety of problems relating to the mouth, teeth and facial regions. It is necessary that the dental team be familiar with all systems so that communication between dental offices is possible. Over the years, over 20 different teeth numbering systems have been developed. Introduction Ever since dentistry started, teeth notations also have began for We illustrate both systems in Figure 2, and we refer as "numbering" the act of identifying each tooth using the FDI notation 2 . Bar chart showing the % of respondents who correctly recognize the used system in the questionnaire. Coding a tooth numerically, as #16 or 28, lends itself to word processing. Jan 30, 2024 · The results of an online questionnaire formed of six questions to show the knowledge of dental professions about the currently used teeth numbering systems (specially the FDI system) and the confusion present between these systems, the questionnaire done on 66 individuals, the majority of participants was dentists 41 % and the least number of participants were the dental technicians 9 %, while The editorial staff of the American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics has chosen the Fédération Dentaire Internationale (FDI) tooth numbering system as the standard form of tooth notation for research articles, case reports, and other peer-reviewed materials. It describes the primary and permanent dentition, including their numbers, eruption patterns and dental formulas. It was created by member JustineFKW and has 32 questions. Since 1970, the International Dental Federation, the FDI, has been using a distinctive two-digit notation numbering system for tooth identification, which is known as the FDI system. The lower right teeth begin Nov 8, 2015 · The above numbering will help the dentist when he is going to operate the tooth of the patient. It was created by member swithose shop and has 32 questions. The simplified new digit letter dental notation for primary dentition proposed here aims at overcoming the drawbacks of the existing systems tooth numbering system that allows accurate teeth identification. This system has since been revamped and modified into the FDI notation system. This system was based upon the FDI and follows the same notations as FDI. tooth numbering system that allows accurate teeth identification. Corydon Palmer from Warren, Ohio [1]) is a dental notation (tooth numbering system). FDI World Dental Federation notation (also "FDI notation" or "ISO 3950 notation") is the world's most commonly used dental notation (tooth numbering system). by many works ( Koch et al. Today, we use the following FDI tooth numbering systems for the numbering of the teeth. 2. The numbers continue by dropping down to the lower Page 1: FDI tooth numbering system primary teeth quiz. The committee passed a resolution at the FDI General Assembly meeting in 1970 at Teeth Numbers Canada: The Quadrant System. 2) For the permanent teeth ; The greatest disadvantage of this system is that it makes it necessary to use a horizontal line to separate left and right side teeth. Read Now: Why Do Some People Not Have Wisdom Teeth? Palmer. 7. The FDI system uses a two-digit numbering system in which the first number represents a tooth's quadrant and the second number represents the number of the tooth from the midline of the face. Forensic Science Hub is created with a motive to help students. It describes the primary, mixed, and permanent dentition stages. 🦷- The Palmer Jun 11, 2024 · It is also known as FDI notation system or two digit system or ISO 3950 notation or International numbering system. [1] [2] Most of the rest of the world uses the FDI World Dental Federation notation, accepted as an international standard by the International Standards Organization as ISO 3950. Jan 23, 2024 · The three main systems described are the Zsigmondy/Palmer system, American Dental Association system, and Federation Dentaire Internationale system. This chapter discusses three different tooth identification systems: the Universal Tooth Identification System (UTIS), Palmer's Notation system, and the FDI/ISO system. Furthermore, to keep simplicity and ease of reading and inputting data. Let's really standardize our tooth numbering system. Types of numbering system’s. The designations "left" and "right" on the chart, however, correspond to Sep 3, 2018 · The purpose of this note is to review the tooth designation systems currently in common use, namely the Zsigmondy-Palmer system, the Universal system that is common in the United States, and the FDI two-digit system that has been adapted throughout the rest of the world. Learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free. Read less The International Tooth Numbering System (FDI) (Figure 1) The first number identifies the quadrant; The upper right is Quadrant #1; The upper left is Quadrant #2; The lower left is Quadrant #3 There are three different numbering systems used to identify the teeth in dentistry. 5. 3. | Teeth number chart (PDF – download/print out) for Permanent Teeth. ISO 3950:2016 Dentistry — Designation system for teeth and areas of the oral cavity Published (Edition 4, 2016) This publication was last reviewed and confirmed in 2022. The FDI notation uses a two-digit numbering system in which the first digit represents a tooth's quadrant and the second digit represents the number of the tooth from the 1 - central incisor 2 - lateral incisor 3 - canine/cuspid 4 - 1st premolar/bicuspid 5 - 2nd premolar/bicuspid 6 - 1st molar 7 - 2nd molar 8 - 3rd molar Jan 7, 2025 · Tooth numbering Quiz This online quiz is called TOOTH NUMBERING. Tooth lettering quizzes covering Deciduous (baby) teeth. The results of an online questionnaire formed of six questions to show the knowledge of dental professions about the currently used teeth numbering systems (specially the FDI system) and the confusion present between these systems, the questionnaire done on 66 Representation of Palmer Tooth Numbering System for Permanent Teeth. pdf from DENTISTRY LEVEL I DE at University of Baghdad. 8 (13 reviews) Flashcards; Learn; Test; Match; Q-Chat; Get a hint. The Universal Numbering Systemhas been adopted by the ADA and is in use by most general dentists today. Table 3 outlines the Universal Tooth Numbering System. Ans. Palmer notation method Used to practice naming teeth by each nomenclature. Survey on Tooth Numbering. [3] Oct 1, 2016 · PDF | Objective: There were four aims of the current study: (1) to find the most commonly used Tooth Numbering System (TNS) in Saudi Arabia in both | Find, read and cite all the research you Jul 30, 2021 · It describes the Zsigmondy/Palmer system, American Dental Association system, and Federation Dentaire International system. In this video, I have discussed the three most common tooth numbering system. This divergence in tooth numbering systems can lead to confusion, especially in dental institutions where educators and clinicians are familiar with both the ADA and 2-The International Numbering System “FDI”Federation Dentaire International (the two digit system) The teeth are designated by using two-digits: a. Maxillary Right Third Molar. The Zsigmondy/Palmer system divides the mouth into quadrants and numbers teeth within each quadrant. This sometimes results in misinterpretation, leading to clinical mishaps. First molar. the need to computerize the dental recording system that marshaled-in the FDI system—and incidentally promoted the use of the Universal system in the United States. Fresh features from the #1 AI-enhanced learning platform. In the United States, the Universal System is the most commonly employed. Our tooth segmentation and numbering system is given in Fig. 1 The primary dentition is identified by the letters of the alphabet, A-T, while the permanent dentition is identified by the numbers 1-32. The Universal Notation System uses letters for primary teeth and numbers for permanent teeth. A. The FDI system is highlighted as the most widely used modern system because it clearly identifies each tooth's quadrant and number, can be easily memorized and communicated both verbally and in writing, and is compatible Jul 1, 2022 · In the last step, teeth labeled according to FDI numbering, tooth objects passed through Mask R–CNN network are numbered according to FDI notation. in the TensorFlow Comparing HDF1 System to Traditionally In-Use Tooth Numbering Systems and Its Feasibility to Learn and Record in Patient’s Files When asked to compare the Herat Dental Faculty1 system to traditionally in-use tooth numbering systems in terms of usage, 96 out of 213 participants (45. Apr 4, 2024 · This online quiz is called FDI Tooth Numbering . Consequently, teeth were classified as having number information. 4 Community Dentistry Dr. What tooth is 18 in the FDI system? - Permanent Teeth. Google Scholar; 18 ; Kha M. The palmer system uses a symbol resembling each quadrant and a number/letter for each tooth. Tooth numbering system Tooth numbering system is used by dentists for uniquely identifying and referring to a specific tooth. Ghufran Adil Basic Tooth Numbering 1-Universal Tooth Numbering System Deciduous AI Chat with PDF FDI牙位表示法（FDI notation）也称ISO-3950表示法，是1970年 国际牙科联盟 （ 英语 ： FDI World Dental Federation ） （FDI，法語： Fédération dentaire internationale ）提出的牙位表示法（牙齿编号系统，tooth numbering system）。 The FDI World Dental Federation notation ("FDI notation" or "ISO 3950" [1]) is widely used by dental professionals internationally to identify and describe a specific tooth. Universal: #29 FDI: #48 Palmer: Lower right, second division 2. 1989; 16(3): 527. 1 The FDI system for primary teeth Figure 3 shows the FDI numbering system for primary teeth In this system, the first number represents a tooth's quadrant and the second number represents the number of the tooth from the midline of the face. The editorial staff of the American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics has chosen the Fédération Dentaire Internationale (FDI) tooth-numbering system as the standard form of tooth notation for research articles, case reports, and other peer-reviewed materials. It introduces the maxillary and mandibular dental arches and how teeth are arranged. The lower right teeth begin Mar 6, 2010 · 6. Universal: T FDI: T Palmer: Lower left 3. pdf from DEPARTMENT III at Our Lady of Fatima University. Zsigmondy/Palmer Notation System. •In 1882, a German dentist Julius Parreidt proposed a system of counting consecutive teeth called When identifying a specific tooth, dentists list the dentition, arch, quadrant and tooth name. The Universal Numbering System has been adopted by the ADA. 2) The universal system notation for primary dentition uses letters A-T and for permanent dentition numbers teeth 1-32. Different symbols are used for permanent teeth and deciduous or baby teeth under each identification system. System for Teeth and Areas of the Oral Cavity as the human tooth and oral cavity enumeration schemas in 1994 . Clinical dentists have developed a variety of tooth-coding systems for efficiently recording a patient’s dental status The FDI tooth numbering system is widely accepted and utilised worldwide, except in the US, where the American Dental Association (ADA) system (1-32, A-T) is predominantly used. The first number is the quadrant in which the tooth is located, and the second number represents the tooth’s position within that quadrant. Despite the adoption of the FDI World Dental Federation notation (ISO 3950) in most of the world and by the World Health Organization, the Palmer notation Jun 5, 2017 · Cupertino Oral Surgeon, Dr. Oct 1, 2016 · There were four aims of the current study: (1) to find the most commonly used Tooth Numbering System (TNS) in Saudi Arabia in both academic and non-academic institutions, (2) to identify the most commonly taught TNS in dental colleges, (3) to understand the reasons why dental practitioners prefer to use a specific TNS, and (4) the consequences of using more than one TNS. The technique was launched with the labeling of 1200 bitewing The editorial staff of the American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics has chosen the Fédération Dentaire Internationale (FDI) tooth-numbering system as the standard form of tooth notation for research articles, case reports, and other peer-reviewed materials. We have provided this chart of the FDI system for quick and easy referencing as you read Journal articles. The FDI’s two-digit notation is a well-established numbering system that is used routinely in most dental practices globally. Download notes ppt pdf for free. This tooth numbering system is adopted by the major organizations around the world such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International association for dental research (IADR). 6. Google Scholar; 19 TOOTH NUMBERING SYSTEMS •The first comprehensive numbering system was developed by Viennese dentist Adolf Zsigmondy in 1861, a Danish dentist •Viktor Haderup added the symbols of “+” and ‘-” along teeth number to designate the jaws. ppt / . I believe that anyone can be taught and this is my simple approach to educate | Find, read and cite all the research you International Tooth Numbering System (FDI) 4. UTIS numbers teeth 1-32 from the maxillary right third molar to the mandibular left third molar. ISO Dental Tooth Numbering System. Universal Numbering System 3. Page 4: Answer Key FDI tooth numbering system for permanent teeth. Even though it has been revamped, some countries are still using it and have not updated to the FDI system yet. Third, tooth surfaces and ridges are Apr 17, 2024 · Pre-test study materials – Exam terms, definitions, Universal System numbering rules, graphic/diagram. The universal system assigns consecutive numbers 1-32 to permanent teeth and letters A-T to deciduous teeth. The system is now called the FDI TNS International Journal of Dental Sciences and Research, 2015. 1983; 8(2), 73-74. Next, various tooth numbering systems are described and discussed, and the Federation Dentaire Internationale (FDI) system is detailed. 1%) believed that better in usage than the traditionally in Jul 1, 2016 · [7,8] FDI system is one of the widely used TNS. Apr 22, 2016 · The Palmer method uses numbers 1-8 and letters A-E to identify teeth, with lines to indicate jaw and side. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is designated by the International Organization for Standardization as standard ISO 3950 "Dentistry — Designation system for teeth and areas of the oral cavity". ksu. Anthropologic (South Africa) Numbering System Although there is no title in literature indicating the teeth numbering systems in anthropology, it can be observed that the numbering systems used in anthropology are different from the ones used in dentistry. , 2020;Oliveira et al Download scientific diagram | FDI teeth numbering system: 11–18 = right upper 1–8, 21–28 = left upper 1–8, 31–38 = left lower 1–8, 41–48 = right lower 1–8; 1. 3. FDI- 11. pdf), Text File (. This system uses two-digit numbers to identify teeth, with the first digit representing the quadrant and the second digit indicating the tooth’s position within that quadrant. The lower left teeth begin with the number, "3". , 2019;Zhao et al. 1 to 4 and 5 to 8 as the first digit indicates permanent and primary dentition respectively. The lower right teeth begin Tooth Numbering System - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (. Standardization of the tooth numbering systems. sciencedirect. Used to practice naming teeth by each nomenclature. 11 In a research based on 37 countries Sep 22, 2021 · PDF | This is my take on the FDI tooth numbering system for the public . The various methods of dental notation systems are routinely used in day to day dental practice. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia Received 23 January 2016; revised 20 June 2016 The Universal Numbering System, sometimes called the "American System", is a dental notation system commonly used in the United States. In clinical practice some “shorthand” system of tooth notation is necessary for recording data. pptx), PDF File (. METRIC SYSTEM - the basics. patient's right corresponds to teeth number chart's left side. For more information about the oral and maxillofacial surgery services we provide, or to schedule a consultation, call our office in Cupertino, CA at Cupertino Ca Oral Surgery office Phone Number 408-253-6081. The tooth numbering system is formed by a special committee on uniform dental recording. Lateral incisor C. 5 Most commonly opted tooth numbering systems are, Universal numbering system, Federation Dentaire Internationale (FDI) and Palmer notation, which are frequently used by the dental surgeons while the dental hygienists can freely select any system for detection and conveying of Sep 15, 2014 · • For the maxillary teeth, beginning with the right second molar, letters A through J, and for the mandibular teeth, letters K through T, beginning with the left mandibular second molar. 6 Even though the FDI notation system was accepted as standard at the meeting held in 1971 by International Federation of Dentistry, the standardization was not successful. The most commonly used dental notation systems are: 1. Primary left upper second molar. The International Tooth Numbering System (FDI) (Figure 1) The first number identifies the quadrant; The upper right is Quadrant #1; The upper left is Quadrant #2; The lower left is Quadrant #3 The editorial staff of the American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics has chosen the Fédération Dentaire Internationale (FDI) tooth numbering system as the standard form of tooth notation for research articles, case reports, and other peer-reviewed materials. Tooth number 1 is the tooth farthest back on the right side of your mouth in the upper (maxillary) jaw. First, basic tooth morphology nomenclature is presented. 10p Image The main drawback of the FDI system is that with respect to primary teeth, it can be confusing and challenging to memorize [3]. There are several systems of naming and coding teeth. 2020. [1] [2] Most of the rest of the world uses the FDI World Dental Federation notation, accepted May 1, 2020 · FDI tooth numbering system The Fédération Dentaire Internationale (FDI) proposed a two-digit tooth numbering system known as an FDI tooth numbering system. 4. The FDI system uses a two-digit numbering where the first digit indicates the quadrant and Request PDF | On Jul 25, 2024, Arvind Babu Rajendra Santosh and others published A Proposal for Revision to FDI’s Tooth Numbering System | Find, read and cite all the research you need on Palmer notation (sometimes called the "Military System" and named for 19th-century American dentist Dr. The dental formula is explained which uses letters to represent each type of tooth. 5 Most commonly opted tooth numbering systems are, Universal numbering system, Federation Dentaire Internationale (FDI) and Palmer notation, which are frequently used by the dental surgeons while the dental hygienists can freely select any system for detection and conveying of Tooth-numbering systems, which are important for those scientific fields dealing with human (or animal) singie permanent tooth in fhe FDI tooth-numbering system. In FDI system, 61 indicates Apr 15, 2022 · In this experiment, we evaluated currently in use tooth notation systems and introduced three tooth numbering systems named based on the place of origin as the Herat Dentistry Faculty 1, Herat Oct 11, 2024 · This online quiz is called Teeth Numbering (FDI). DIMAANO OLFU, COLLEGE OF in the current FDI tooth numbering system. Palmer's Notation designates teeth based on their quadrant using numbers or letters. Permanent maxillary right central incisor B. The universal tooth designation or numbering system is accepted and approved by the ADA and is the most commonly used system used by dental professionals in America. Page 3: Answer Key primary teeth in the FDI notation system. Operative Dentistry. Central incisor B. [9] It is a two-digit system in which the first number represents the quadrant 1 through 4 for permanent and 5 through 8 for primary teeth starting The document discusses various systems for notation of primary and permanent teeth, including: 1) The Zsigmondy/Palmer notation system which numbers teeth 1-8 in each quadrant of the permanent dentition. Here are the tooth numbers for the given teeth in different numbering systems: 1. However, this chapter will focus mainly on adult tooth morphology, so we will use the terminology from the FDI system. This divergence in tooth numbering systems can lead to confusion, especially in dental institutions where educators and clinicians are familiar with both the ADA and Jul 30, 2020 · Realistic approach is to make sure that dental professionals have sufficient knowledge regarding the most commonly used numbering systems and are responsive towards the pitfalls in each system Sep 11, 2019 · This chapter provides an overview of tooth morphology, including a review of tooth anatomy, tooth development, and associated nomenclature and numbering systems. Aug 12, 2020 · This document discusses different tooth notation systems. 1. FDI system (Federation Dentaire Internationale) The FDI system is a two digit system that has been adopted by WHO and also IADR. This innovative TT (Tikku and Tikku) system has been designed to fulfil the The editorial staff of the American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics has chosen the Fédération Dentaire Internationale (FDI) tooth-numbering system as the standard form of tooth notation for research articles, case reports, and other peer-reviewed materials. 3) The FDI system, adopted by WHO, uses a two-digit system where the Universal Numbering System — Universal Numbering SystemThe three most common systems are the FDI World Dental Federation notation (ISO 3950), the Universal Numbering System, and the. Upper Right Quadrant: 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ; FDI Dental Notation and Numbering System. In Canada, the FDI World Dental Federation notation is used for numbering teeth. The Zsigmondy/Palmer System divides the mouth into quadrants and numbers teeth within each Jan 10, 2018 · This document discusses different tooth morphology theories and dentition systems. The three main tooth numbering systems discussed are the Universal system, Zigmond-Palmer notation, and FDI system. Al-Johany Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P. To do so efficiently, adopting a type of code or numbering system for teeth is necessary. Federation Dentaire Internationale (FDI). RAYNAND M. Left permanent upper canine D. FDI is denoted as Federation Dentaire Internationale. THREE MAIN types of numbering systems are commonly used In this system, the first number represents a tooth's quadrant and the second number represents the number of the tooth from the midline of the face. brvhs jyvva eky gauyore gvutfnaq pycv atfbx eqk qyxkt upnhg